[Endothelial cells analysis after intraoperative mitomycin-C adjuvant pterygium simple excision surgery: a pilot study]. / Análisis morfométrico del endotelio de la córnea tras aplicación intraoperatoria de mitomicina C en la resección simple de pterigión: un estudio piloto.

PURPOSE: To study the effects of mitomycin-C (MMC) on the corneal endothelium after pterygium surgery. METHODS: Prospective, interventional, nonrandomized, observer-masked study. Twenty patients (20 eyes) with primary pterygium underwent surgery with pterygium simple excision followed by 0.02% MMC application for 1 minute. Preoperative, 10-day, 1-month and 3-month postoperative specular microscopy were performed. Mean cell density, coefficient of variation of mean cell area and percentage of hexagonal cells were measured. RESULTS: Mean endothelial cell densities before and 3 months after surgery were 2,240.37 SD 347.92 cells/mm2 (range: 1,020 to 2,703) and 2,283.86 SD 425.13 cells/mm2 (range: 1,001 to 2,837), respectively. Mean coefficient of variation before and 3 months after surgery were 32.63 SD 4.65 (range: 22 to 48) and 33.00 SD 4.75 (range: 23 to 51), respectively. Mean percentage of hexagonal cells before and 3 months after surgery were 54.58 SD 6.60 (range: 46 to 71) and 55.26 SD 8.89 (range: 38 to 76), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the parameters studied when compared to the preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: A single intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for 1 minute during pterygium simple excision surgery does not seem to cause substantial changes in corneal endothelial cell density at 3 months.

Análisis morfométrico del endotelio de la córnea tras aplicación intraoperatoria de mitomicina C en la resección simple de pterigión: un estudio piloto / Endothelial cells analysis after intraoperative mitomycin-C adjuvant pterygium simple excision surgery: a pilot study

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la mitomicina C (MMC) sobre el endotelio corneal tras cirugíade pterigión.Método: Estudio clínico intervencional y prospectivo con observador enmascarado. Veintepacientes (20 ojos) con pterigión primario fueron intervenidos mediante resección simpledel pterigión y aplicación intraoperatoria de MMC al 0,02% durante 1 minuto. El endoteliocorneal fue evaluado pre- y postoperatoriamente a los 10 días, al mes y a los 3 meses, conmicroscopía especular. La densidad de las células del endotelio corneal, coeficiente devariación del tamaño celular y porcentaje de hexagonalidad celular fueron analizados.Resultados: Las medias de la densidad de células endoteliales antes y a los 3 meses de lacirugía fueron 2.240,37 desviación estándar (DE) 347,92 células/mm2 (rango: 1.020 a 2.703)y 2.283,86 DE 425,13 células/mm2 (rango: 1.001 a 2.837), respectivamente. Las medias delcoeficiente de variación antes y a los 3 meses de la cirugía fueron 32,63 DE 4,65 (rango: 22a 48) y 33,00 DE 4,75 (rango: 23 a 51), respectivamente. Las medias de los porcentajes dehexagonalidad celular antes y a los 3 meses de la cirugía fueron 54,58 DE 6,60 (rango: 46 a71) y 55,26 DE 8,89 (rango: 38 a 76), respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamentesignificativas en las comparaciones con el valor preoperatorio en ninguna delas variables analizadas.Conclusiones: La aplicación intraoperatoria de MMC al 0,02% durante 1 minuto en la resecciónsimple de pterigión no parece causar cambios sustanciales sobre la densidad de lascélulas del endotelio corneal a corto plazo(AU)

To study the effects of mitomycin-C (MMC) on the corneal endothelium afterpterygium surgery.Methods: Prospective, interventional, nonrandomized, observer-masked study. Twentypatients (20 eyes) with primary pterygium underwent surgery with pterygium simpleexcision followed by 0.02% MMC application for 1 minute. Preoperative, 10-day, 1-monthand 3-month postoperative specular microscopy were performed. Mean cell density,coefficient of variation of mean cell area and percentage of hexagonal cells weremeasured.Results: Mean endothelial cell densities before and 3 months after surgery were 2,240.37 SD347.92 cells/mm2 (range: 1,020 to 2,703) and 2,283.86 SD 425.13 cells/mm2 (range: 1,001 to2,837), respectively. Mean coefficient of variation before and 3 months after surgery were32.63 SD 4.65 (range: 22 to 48) and 33.00 SD 4.75 (range: 23 to 51), respectively. Meanpercentage of hexagonal cells before and 3 months after surgery were 54.58 SD 6.60 (range:46 to 71) and 55.26 SD 8.89 (range: 38 to 76), respectively. No statistically significantdifferences were found in any of the parameters studied when compared to thepreoperative values.Conclusions: A single intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for 1 minute duringpterygium simple excision surgery does not seem to cause substantial changes in cornealendothelial cell density at 3 months(AU)

[Retinal nerve fiber layer changes after cataract surgery measured by OCT: a pilot study]. / Cambios en el espesor de la capa de fibras nerviosas tras cirugía de cataratas medidos con OCT: un estudio piloto.

PURPOSE: To analyze changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) after cataract surgery. METHODS: The average RFNL thickness of patients who underwent cataract surgery was measured using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) III Stratus(R) before surgery, the day after and one month later. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 software. We used paired two tail student's t test for comparisons. RESULTS: The study group was composed by 74 eyes of 74 patients. The RNFL thickness average was 90.71 microm (SD: 19.93), 88.30 microm (SD: 20.59) and 97.45 microm (SD: 14.30), before cataract surgery (AVGT0), the day after surgery (AVGT1) and one month later (AVGT2) respectively. We did not find statistically significant difference between AVGT0 and AVGT1 (P=0.37); however, statistically significant difference between AVGT1 and AVGT2 (P= 0.002) as well as in the image signal quality between AVGT0 and AVGT2 (P= 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The RNFL average thickness measured by OCT III Stratus showed an increase one month after cataract surgery. This phenomenon is accompanied with an improvement in signal quality.

Cambios en el espesor de la capa de fibras nerviosas tras cirugía de cataratas medidos con OCT: un estudio piloto / Retinal nerve fiber layer changes after cataract surgery measured by OCT: a pilot study

Objetivos: Analizar cambios en el espesor de lacapa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR) peripapilartras cirugia de cataratas.Metodos: Medicion del espesor medio de laCFNR de pacientes sometidos a cirugia de cataratasutilizando tomografia de coherencia optica(OCT) III StratusR antes de la cirugia, un dia despuesde la intervencion y transcurrido un mes. Losdatos fueron analizados mediante el programainformatico SPSS 12.0. Los resultados fueroncomparados empleando el test pareado de doscolas t de Student.Resultados: El grupo de estudio estaba compuestode 74 ojos de 74 pacientes. El espesor medio de laCFNR antes de la cirugia de cataratas (AVGT0) fue90,71 ƒÊm (DE: 19,93), el dia despues de la cirugia(AVGT1) fue 88,30 ƒÊm (DE: 20,59); y un mes despues(AVGT2) 97,45 ƒÊm (DE: 14,30). No se encontrarondiferencias estadisticamente significativasentre AVGT0 y AVGT1 (P=0,37); sin embargo,dicha diferencia si se encontro entre AVGT1 yAVGT2 (P= 0,002). Tambien se encontro diferenciaestadísticamente significativa en la calidad de señalde la señal entre AVGT0 y AVGT2 (P=0,0001).Conclusiones: El espesor medio de la capa defibras nerviosas experimenta un incremento cuandoes medido mediante OCT III Stratus® un mes tras lacirugía de cataratas. Este fenómeno se acompaña deuna mejoría en la calidad de la señal(AU)

Purpose: To analyze changes in peripapillary retinalnerve fiber layer (RNFL) after cataract surgery.Methods: The average RFNL thickness of patientswho underwent cataract surgery was measuredusing the optical coherence tomography (OCT) IIIStratusR before surgery, the day after and onemonth later. The data were analyzed using the SPSS12.0 software. We used paired two tail studentLs ttest for comparisons.Results: The study group was composed by 74 eyesof 74 patients. The RNFL thickness average was90.71 ƒÊm (SD: 19.93), 88.30 ƒÊm (SD: 20.59) and97.45 ƒÊm (SD: 14.30), before cataract surgery(AVGT0), the day after surgery (AVGT1) and onemonth later (AVGT2) respectively. We did not findstatistically significant difference between AVGT0and AVGT1 (P=0.37); however, statistically significantdifference between AVGT1 and AVGT2 (P=0.002) as well as in the image signal quality betweenAVGT0 and AVGT2 (P= 0.0001).Conclusions: The RNFL average thickness measuredby OCT III StratusR showed an increase one month after cataract surgery. This phenomenon isaccompanied with an improvement in signal quality(AU)

[An experimental model to measure real intraocular pressure (IOP) during LASIK]. / Modelo experimental para medir la presión intraocular (PIO) durante LASIK.

PURPOSE: To design a model to measure real IOP during lasik in pig eyes. METHODS: A reusable blood pressure transducer was used. Each eye was placed on a stand with sufficient support for the surgical procedure. The globes were inflated with 5% glucosated solution through the optic nerve to attain an IOP of 10-20 mmHg. A 27-gauge catheter was then inserted from the pars plana to the anterior chamber cavity. Real IOP was transmitted via the catheter liquid column to an external sensor. A suction ring was applied and a flap was created. During the procedure, IOP was registered with the ML110 Bridge Amplifier connected to a baro transducer. RESULTS: Values of real IOP were measured in freshly enucleated pig eyes during the lasik procedure. The model was able to instantaneously register the changes in IOP induced by the application of a suction ring and the creation of a flap in the pig eyes with good reproducibility. At the end of the procedure the IOP values remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed an experimental model to observe the course of suctioning and changes in IOP simultaneously. This model seems to be accurate in obtaining IOP values from the anterior chamber cavity during LASIK.

[Band atrophy of the optic disc secondary to ventricular subependymoma compression]. / Atrofia de disco óptico en banda secundaria a compresión por subependimoma ventricular.

CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old man was diagnosed with band or "bow tie" optic atrophy with a right homonymous hemianopia. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a calcified lesion in the left hippocampus. Craniotomy and tumor resection were performed. The biopsy revealed a subependymoma of the temporal horn of the left ventricular system. DISCUSSION: Optic tract lesions are uncommon clinical entities, in which homonymous hemianopia and contralateral band optic atrophy are characteristic. Subependymomas are infrequent and benign tumors that are typically associated with the ventricular system.

Anterior uveitis and meningococcemia: a case report.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of meningococcemia with anterior uveitis. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 38-year-old woman developed meningococcal septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis type B. During her admission, she had pain in her left eye, inflammatory cells, and a fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber and multiple posterior synechiae, all in the context of an anterior uveitis. She was treated with topical steroids and mydriatics with resolution of ocular inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the possible association between anterior uveitis and a meningococcal septicemia, and the need for careful ophthalmologic examination when a red eye develops in this clinical context.

[Spontaneous resolution of branch retinal vein occlusion in cases with non-ischemic macular edema. Significance of a waiting period before considering treatment with vitrectomy]. / Resolución espontánea en casos de obstrucción venosa de rama retiniana asociada a edema macular no isquémico. Importancia de un período de espera previo al tratamiento mediante vitrectomía.

OBJECTIVES/METHODS: It is well established that some patients with branch retinal vein occlusion undergo a spontaneous resolution after a suitable waiting period. We present a series of 22 patients with initial acuity under 0.2 for whom we allowed three months of observation before considering vitrectomy. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: 13% of the patients developed enough spontaneous improvement to be excluded from subsequent treatment. We thus believe a waiting period should be considered before instituting treatment in patients with this particular problem.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of long term topical steroid treatment to prevent regression after hyperopic LASIK]. / Valoración de la eficacia de tratamiento corticoideo tópico prolongado para prevenir regresión en LASIK hipermetrópico.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of long-term versus short-term steroid treatment in preventing regression after hyperopic LASIK. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective single masked study. Hyperopic patients who were candidates for LASIK surgery were randomized to be treated with one week (topical dexametasone) in control group or one month (topical dexametasone the first week and topical fluormetalone the next three weeks) in study group. The three month postoperative manifest refraction was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 105 eyes were included in each group. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was 3.17 D SD 2.82 D (standard deviation) and 3.39 D SD 2.65 D in the study and control group, respectively (p=0.6). The final manifest refraction in the three-month postoperative visit was 0.62 D SD 0.68 D and 0.6 D SD 0.3 D in the study and control group respectively (p=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term topical steroid therapy does not appear to improve the refractive result in hyperopic LASIK.

Valoración de la eficacia de tratamiento corticoideo tópico prolongado para prevenir regresión en LASIK hipermetrópico / Evaluation of the efficacy of long term topical steroid treatment to prevent regression after hyperopic LASIK

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento corticoideo tópico prolongado en pacientes operados de LASIK hipermetrópico.Material y métodos: Se realiza un estudio prospectivo observador enmascarado. Pacientes candidatos a cirugía LASIK para la corrección de baja y moderada hipermetropía fueron asignados aleatoriamente a recibir tratamiento tópico corticoideo (dexametasona) una semana (grupo control) o un mes (dexametasona la primera semana y fluorometalona las tres siguientes), en el grupo estudio. Se comparó la refracción final manifiesta en ambos grupos.Resultados: Analizamos 105 ojos en cada grupo (estudio y control). El equivalente esférico medio preoperatorio era 3,17 D DE 2,82 D (desviación estándar) y 3,39 D DE 2,65 D en el grupo estudio y control respectivamente (p=0,6). La refracción final manifiesta a los 3 meses era 0,62 D DE 0,68 D y 0,6 D DE 0,3 D en el grupo estudio y control respectivamente (p=0,6).Conclusión: La regresión refractiva tras LASIK hipermetrópico, no parece ser modulable por el mayor o menor tratamiento corticoideo tópico

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of long-term versus short-term steroid treatment in preventing regression after hyperopic LASIK.Material and methods: This is a prospective single masked study. Hyperopic patients who were candidates for LASIK surgery were randomized to be treated with one week (topical dexametasone) in control group or one month (topical dexametasone the first week and topical fluormetalone the next three weeks) in study group.The three month postoperative manifest refraction was compared between the two groups.Results: 105 eyes were included in each group. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was 3.17 D SD 2.82 D (standard deviation) and 3.39D SD 2.65D in the study and control group, respectively (p=0.6). The final manifest refraction in the three-month postoperative visit was 0.62D SD 0.68D and 0.6D SD 0.3D in the study and control group respectively (p=0.6).Conclusions: Long-term topical steroid therapy does not appear to improve the refractive result in hyperopic LASIK

La retinopatía diabética y sus factores de riesgo / Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors

No disponible

[Respiratory effects of chronic therapy with latanoprost in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. / Efectos respiratorios del latanoprost en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).

PURPOSE: To study the respiratory effects of chronic therapy with latanoprost in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. METHODS: We prospectively performed a spirometry in 19 COPD patients treated with latanoprost for more than 3 months, and the same masked-examiner repeated the test, under the same conditions, one week after latanoprost wash-out. RESULTS: We found that latanoprost withdrawal increased forced espiratory volume (FEV1) (litre) from 1.5 S.D. 0.5 to 1.6 S.D. 0.5 and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) index from 64.4 S.D. 8.6% to 66.5 S.D. 7.7% (both comparisons p=0.02, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSION: Chronic therapy with latanoprost seems to induce a mild, though statistically significant, bronchoconstriction in COPD patients.

Efectos respiratorios del latanoprost en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (epoc) / Respiratory effects of chronic therapy with latanoprost in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos respiratorios del tratamiento crónico con latanoprost, en pacientes afectos de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo en el que practicamos una espirometría a 19 pacientes EPOC en tratamiento con latanoprost durante un período de al menos 3 meses y el mismo observador enmascarado repitió el test, en las mismas condiciones, tras una semana de lavado del latanoprost. Resultados: Encontramos que tras la suspensión del latanoprost se produjo un aumento del volumen expulsado en el primer segundo (FEV1) (litros), que pasó de 1,5 D.E. 0,5 a 1,6 D.E. 0,5 y del índice FEV1/FVC (capacidad vital forzada), que se incrementó de 64,4 D.E. 8,6 por ciento a 66,5 D.E. 7,7 por ciento (ambas comparaciones p=0,02, test de Wilcoxon de rangos señalados).Conclusiones: El tratamiento crónico con latanoprost parece inducir un leve, aunque estadísticamente significativo, efecto broncoconstrictor en pacientes afectos de EPOC (AU)

[Congenital optic nerve pit associated with foveolar retinoschisis]. / Foseta papilar congénita asociada a retinosquisis foveolar.

OBJECTIVE/METHODS: The case of a 36 year old woman who complains of suffering a progressive decrease in visual acuity over a several year period is presented. Her corrected visual acuity was: 1.0 right eye and 0.7 in the left eye. The slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination showed an optic nerve pit in the left eye associated with a transparent schisislike separation of the inner macular retina with a stellate pattern, because of fine folds of the internal limiting membrane. The fluorescein angiography (F.A.) and visual field (V.F.) were normal. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Congenital optic pits are asymptomatic, unless a serous macular detachment complicates this entity. The characteristic image is an elevation of the neurosensorial retina, a transmission defect in the F.A. and a central scotoma. On the contrary, our patient had a foveolar schisis pattern with normal F.A. and V.F. This macula pattern is rarely associated with a congenital pit.

Foseta papilar congénita asociada a retinosquisis foveolar / Congenital optic nerve pit associated with foveolar retinoschisis

Objetivo/método : Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 36 años de edad que consulta por disminución progresiva de agudeza visual (A.V.) por su ojo izquierdo de años de evolución. La A.V. corregida fue de: 1 ojo derecho (O.D.), 0,7 ojo izquierdo (O.I.). En la exploración a la lámpara de hendidura se apreciaba una foseta papilar asociada a una separación (tipo squisis) de las capas internas retinianas con una estrella macular por pliegues en la membrana limitante interna. La anglografía fluoresceínica (A.F.G.) y el campo visual (C.V.) fueron normales. Resultados/conclusiones: Las fosetas papilares congénitas son asintomáticas, salvo que presenten un desprendimiento seroso macular. La imagen característica es una elevación de la retina neurosensorial, que se traduce en un defecto de transmisión en la A.F.G. y un escotoma central. Nuestra paciente, sin embargo, presentaba el patrón de una squisis foveolar con A.F.G. y C.V. normal, hallazgo éste excepcionalmente asociado a una foseta papilar congénita (AU)

Efecto hipotensor de la pilocarpina en ojos tratados crónicamente con latanoprost; un estudio piloto / Ocular hypotensive effect of pilocarpine in latanoprost treated eyes; a pilot study

Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto hipotensor de la pilocarpina en ojos tratados crónicamente con latanoprost.Métodos: Se midió la PIO de ambos ojos de 25 pacientes antes y después de administrar pilocarpina al 2 por ciento en un ojo, y placebo en el ojo contralateral. Éste es un estudio prospectivo, doble ciego y controlado con placebo.Resultados: Nosotros encontramos que la pilocarpina produjo un cambio tensional en los ojos estudio de +0,4 mmHg en promedio, (rango -3 a +5 mmHg) con respecto a los ojos control, tratados con placebo (p=0,5).Conclusiones: La administración de pilocarpina a ojos tratados crónicamente con latanoprost parece tener un efecto paradójico en la PIO, que puede aumentar o disminuir (AU)